In this two-volume apologetic treatise, Flavius Josephus defends the antiquity, integrity, and moral superiority of the Jewish people and their laws against the attacks of the Egyptian writer Apion and other Greek critics. He systematically refutes hostile myths, cites non-Jewish sources to prove Jewish historical priority, and presents Judaism as an ancient, orderly, and philosophically refined way of life superior to the more recent traditions of the Greeks.

Written with rhetorical force and polemical energy, Against Apion stands as one of the most important surviving examples of ancient Jewish apologetics. While its arguments can be selective and its tone sometimes heated, the work offers a valuable window into the cultural tensions of the late first century and remains a key text for understanding how Jews of the Roman period sought to present their heritage to a Greco-Roman audience.